
India's 135 bat species face threats from urbanisation, deforestation, and climate change, according to the first national bat assessment by 36 experts. Sixteen species are endemic to India, seven listed as threatened. Thirty-five species lack adequate data. Research permits face bureaucratic delays. Bats provide crucial ecosystem services including pollination, pest control, and seed dispersal. West Bengal has the highest diversity with 68 species. Urgent research and multi-agency conservation efforts are recommended.